Mamma Mia Isla

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Foca monje

La foca del Mediterráneo (Monachus Monachus) constituye un ejemplo de especie rara. Es uno de los seis mamíferos más amenazados por extinción del planeta y el mamífero marino más amenazado por número en toda Europa.

El género Monachus lo forman tres especies geográficamente muy separadas entre ellas:

La foca monje del Mediterrráneo (Monachus-Monachus)
La foca monje de Hawai (Monachus schauinslandi)
La foca monje del Caribe (Monachus tropicalis)

De entre las 18 especies de foca que existen hoy en día en todo el mundo, las focas monje son aquellas que viven en las zonas más calidas del planeta. Por desgracia, en lo que va de siglo, estas tres especies hacen frente a serios problemas de supervivencia. Tanto los fenómenos naturales como las actividades humanas, tales como la pesca y la contaminación, han logrado hacer desaparecer las focas del Caribe y llevar casi a la extinción a la foca monje de Hawai y del Maditerráneo.

Curiosamente, la relación entre el hombre y la foca es competitiva. En la actualidad, la foca monje del Mediterráneo que habita en Grecia, se ve amenazada por la pesca. La foca monje que vive en aguas griegas está amenazada por el descenso del alimento disponible (como resultado de la pesca excesiva de su alimento) y también por la captura accidental de éstas entre las redes pesqueras.

En la actualidad, los principales factores que amenazan la supervivencia de este escaso número de mamíferos marinos, causando la destrucción de los hábitats utilizados por estos animales para su reproducción, son la contaminación de las fábricas y el incontrolable turismo, por lo que las focas se ven obligadas a cambiar de hábitat. Este hecho hace que haya un descenso de la natalidad y un gran índice de mortalidad.

Dado que la foca se encuentra en la cúspide de la pirámide ecológica, a menudo se la considera como indicador de la salud de medio ambiente marino, y la eventual desaparición de esta especie supondría el comienzo de la destrucción de este medio.

En Grecia se estima que su población (http://mom.lighthouse.gr) llega a los 300 individuos aproximadamente.

La isla de Alónissos, que se encuentra al norte de Skópelos, junto con un número de islas despobladas e islotes, como Peristera, Dio Adelfia, Skántzoura, Kira Panagia, Gioura, Psathoura y Piperi, forman parte de un complejo de islas de inigualable belleza, que acoge no sólo a una de las poblaciones más grandes de foca monje de todo el mundo sino también raras especies amenazadas de la fauna y flora, como el halcón de Eleonor, la gaviota del Egeo y la cabra salvaje de Gioura.

La importancia del ecosistema de la región, desde el punto de vista biológico y cultural, condujo al gobierno griego en mayo de 1992 a declararla zona protegida y creó el primer Parque Natural Marino del país, uno de los más grandes e importantes del Mediterráneo en su categoría.

Si visita Skópelos o cualquier otra isla de las Espóradas, infórmese sobre el Parque Marino y planifique una excursión para poder conocer de cerca a la foca monje del Mediterráneo. En caso de que viaje en su propia embarcación, no olvide respetar a estas increíbles criaturas y el hábitat en el que viven desde hace siglos.

Tags: isla de mamma mia

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Foca monje

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